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The aim of this research was to investigate the mental representations elaborated by an expert pianist when playing different rhythmic styles on the piano. A case study was conducted using the think-aloud protocol. In two observation sessions, he prepared the arrangement of the song “Capim” by Djavan and then changed the initial arrangement to other Brazilian rhythmic styles. The pianist’s verbalizations were subjected to content analysis and categorized according to information patterns characteristic of musical genres and renowned Brazilian pianists. Results indicate that the immediate elaboration of the arrangements was related to the expert’s ability to organize mental representations in a way that was coherent with each musical style experienced. It is concluded that the pianist’s mental representations were developed through long-term specialized training, which corroborates the assumptions of Anders Ericsson’s General Theory of Expertise.
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